Nigeria, known for its diverse culture and rich landscapes, is also home to a treasure trove of natural wonders, National Parks. These protected areas not only conserve the country’s wildlife and habitats but also provide eco-tourism experiences that allow visitors to connect with nature.
If you’re a wildlife enthusiast, hiker, photographer, or peace-seeker, these national parks offer a perfect getaway into the wild. Below are some of the most remarkable National Parks in Nigeria:
National Parks in Nigeria
1. Yankari National Park – Bauchi State
Yankari is perhaps the most popular national park in Nigeria, renowned for its large population of elephants and diverse wildlife. Situated in Bauchi State, the park covers over 2,200 square kilometers and features savannah grassland, natural warm springs, and over 350 species of birds.
Key Highlights:
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Wikki Warm Springs – a naturally heated pool
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Safari experiences with elephants, baboons, lions, and hippos
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Over 50 species of mammals and 350 bird species
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Best Time to Visit: November to May (dry season)
2. Cross River National Park – Cross River State
Located in the tropical rainforest zone of southeastern Nigeria, this park is a biodiversity hotspot and part of the Guinean Forests of West Africa. It’s home to rare and endangered species like the Cross River gorilla, drills, and chimpanzees.
Key Highlights:
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Dense rainforest and mountainous terrains
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Rich plant life and endemic species
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Hosts one of the oldest rainforests in Africa
Best Time to Visit: December to March
3. Gashaka-Gumti National Park – Taraba and Adamawa States
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As Nigeria’s largest national park, Gashaka-Gumti spans over 6,400 square kilometers and features a variety of ecosystems, from montane forests to savannahs. It is nestled in the eastern part of the country, near the Cameroon border, and includes Nigeria’s highest mountain — Chappal Waddi.
Key Highlights:
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Chappal Waddi (Mountain of Death) – Nigeria’s highest peak
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Diverse birdlife with over 500 species
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Primates, leopards, lions, and elephants
Best Time to Visit: November to April
4. Kainji Lake National Park – Niger and Kwara States
This park is divided into two sectors: the Borgu Game Reserve and the Zugurma Game Reserve. Kainji Lake National Park is ideal for wildlife spotting and birdwatching.
Key Highlights:
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Home to lions, leopards, antelopes, and hippos
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Contains part of the Kainji Lake – a man-made reservoir
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Popular for hiking, safari drives, and nature trails
Best Time to Visit: December to April
5. Old Oyo National Park – Oyo and Kwara States
Named after the ancient Oyo Empire, this park offers a mix of history and wildlife. It is situated in the southwestern region and includes archaeological sites, including old city walls and ruins.
Key Highlights:
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Cultural heritage and archaeological significance
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Buffalos, warthogs, and various antelopes
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Birdwatching and camping opportunities
Best Time to Visit: November to March
6. Chad Basin National Park – Borno and Yobe States
Located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, Chad Basin National Park consists of wetlands, dry savannah, and desert areas. It is known for its rich avian biodiversity, especially migratory birds.
Key Highlights:
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Ideal for ornithologists and bird watchers
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Waterfowl, pelicans, and migratory species
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Supports sustainable fishing and eco-conservation efforts
Best Time to Visit: December to February
7. Kamuku National Park – Kaduna State
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Kamuku is a relatively lesser-known gem, yet it showcases the Sudano-Sahelian savannah ecosystem. It’s home to rare bird species, mammals, and beautiful wooded savannah landscapes.
Key Highlights:
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Ideal for quiet retreats and nature walks
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Antelope species, baboons, and bushbucks
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Popular among birding communities
Best Time to Visit: November to April
8. Okomu National Park – Edo State
This small yet biologically rich park is part of the Omo-Okomu Forest Reserve. It plays a crucial role in protecting the rainforest ecosystem in southern Nigeria.
Key Highlights:
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Endangered white-throated monkeys
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Forest elephants and butterflies
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Treehouse viewpoints and walking trails
Best Time to Visit: November to March
Why Visit National Parks in Nigeria?
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Biodiversity: Nigeria’s parks are home to some of Africa’s rarest and most iconic species.
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Eco-tourism: Most parks offer guided tours, nature trails, camping, and wildlife viewing.
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Cultural Heritage: Many parks sit on lands rich in local history and culture.
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Conservation Education: Learn about efforts to protect endangered species and ecosystems.
Travel Tips:
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Visit during the dry season for better road access and wildlife visibility.
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Wear comfortable, light clothing, and bring insect repellent and sunscreen.
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Always go with a tour guide or a park ranger for safety and direction.
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Respect local customs and the rules of wildlife conservation.
Frequently Asked Questions About National Parks in Nigeria
1. What is a national park?
A national park is a protected area established by the government to conserve wildlife, natural habitats, and cultural heritage. In Nigeria, national parks are managed by the Nigeria National Park Service (NNPS) under the Ministry of Environment.
2. How many national parks are there in Nigeria?
Nigeria has eight officially recognized national parks:
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Yankari National Park
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Cross River National Park
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Gashaka Gumti National Park
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Kainji Lake National Park
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Old Oyo National Park
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Chad Basin National Park
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Kamuku National Park
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Okomu National Park
3. What wildlife can I see in Nigerian national parks?
Visitors may encounter a wide variety of animals including:
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Elephants
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Lions
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Buffaloes
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Hippos
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Antelopes
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Chimpanzees
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Gorillas (rare, mainly in Cross River NP)
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Birds (over 1,200 species across parks)
4. Are the national parks safe for tourists?
Yes, most parks are safe, especially with a registered tour guide or park ranger. However, it’s always advisable to check for travel advisories and local security updates before visiting certain regions (especially the northeast).
5. What is the best time to visit national parks in Nigeria?
The best time is during the dry season (November to April) when the roads are more accessible and animals are easier to spot near waterholes.
Conclusion
Nigeria’s national parks are not just conservation zones, they are windows into the soul of Africa’s natural and cultural wealth. From the highlands of Gashaka-Gumti to the rainforests of Cross River and the savannahs of Yankari, these parks are waiting to be explored. If you are a lover of nature, adventure, or photography, Nigeria’s national parks are the perfect destinations to add to your bucket list.
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